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  2. Iori et al. (2021) Estimation of Cortical Bone Microstructure From Ultra-sound Backscatter. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 68,4, 1081 
  3. Minh et al. (2020): Estimation of thickness and speed of sound in cor- tical bone using multi-focus pulse-echo ultrasound. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control; 67(3):568-579. 
  4. Minh et al. (2022): Estimation of Thickness and Speed of Sound for Transverse Cortical Bone Imaging Using Phase Aberration Correction Methods: An In Silico and Ex Vivo Validation Study. Appl. Sci. 12, 5283. 
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  6. Samelson EJ et al: Cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture as an independent predictor of incident fracture risk in older women and men in the Bone Microarchitecture International Consortium (BoMIC): a prospective study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jan;7(1):34-43. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30308-5. Epub 2018 Nov 28. Erratum in: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jan;7(1):e1. Erratum in: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jun;7(6):e18. doi:  
  7. Olszynski et al. & the CaMos Research Group: Multisite quantitative ultrasound for the prediction of fractures over 5 years of follow-up: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Sep;28(9):2027-34. 
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  9. Agarwal S. et al: Teriparatide Followed by Denosumab in Premenopausal Idiopathic Osteoporosis: Bone Microstructure and Strength by HR-pQCT. J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Jan;38(1):35-47.  
  10.  Morse LR et al.: Combination Therapy With Zoledronic Acid and FES-Row Training Mitigates Bone Loss in Paralyzed Legs: Results of a Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial. JBMR Plus. 2019 Feb 20;3(5): e10167.  
  11.  Brown JP et al.: Romosozumab improves lumbar spine bone mass and bone strength parameters relative to alendronate in postmenopausal women: results from the Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH) trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2021 Nov;36(11):2139-2152.  
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  14.  Armbrecht G et al.: Pore-Size Distribution and Frequency-Dependent Attenuation in Human Cortical Tibia Bone Discriminate Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density. JBMR Plus. 2021 Sep 2;5(11):e10536.  
  15.  https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/european-innovation-council-new-wave-deep-tech-start-ups-set-receive-accelerator-grants-and-equity-2022-10-14_en 
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Focus on Stronger Pig Bones
The Swiss breeding company Suisag, FBN Dummerstorf, and POROUS have launched the “PigBoneS” project to breed pigs with improved phosphorus utilization and stronger bones.

POROUS uses a non-invasive 3D ultrasound method to measure bone density and stability in slaughtered animals, primarily Swiss Large White pigs. The forefoot (metacarpus) serves as an indicator of bone health, complemented by blood analyses for phosphorus utilization markers. The aim is to identify genetic markers for these traits.

The project promotes bone health while reducing phosphorus excretion. It is supported by the Eureka Eurostars program, Innosuisse, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).